ANSWER:
Pyrexia (Fever): Pyrexia, often known as fever, is typically caused by an underlying infection. The immune system’s response to ailments like fungi, viruses, or bacteria causes it. When the body senses the presence of these foreign invaders, it produces pyrogens, which operate on the hypothalamus in the brain. The hypothalamus then elevates the body’s temperature set point, increasing body temperature. Inflammatory illnesses, certain drugs, cancer, and autoimmune disorders can also cause pyrexia.
Pathophysiology, Symptoms, and Signs:
When the body temperature rises above the normal range (98.6°F or 37°C), it causes a variety of physiological responses. These responses include increased heart rate, blood vessel dilatation, shivering, and immune system activation. Symptoms may include flushed skin, transpiration, headaches, muscle aches, weariness, loss of appetite, and increased thirst. High temperatures can cause dehydration, disorientation, delirium, and seizures in severe cases.
Traditional Treatment: Pyrexia treatment relies on determining and controlling the underlying cause. Antibiotics or antiviral drugs may be provided if an infection is present. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen are widely used to reduce fever and relieve symptoms. Additionally, staying hydrated, getting enough rest, and adopting cooling treatments (e.g., lukewarm sponge baths) can aid with fever management.
Nursing Diagnosis: Infectious hyperthermia manifested by raised body temperature, flushed skin, and an accelerated heart rate.
Hyperthermia Management for Infectious Processes is the title of the plan of care.
Interventions:
Keep an eye on vital signs and temperature:
Check the patient’s temperature regularly (e.g., every 2-4 hours).
Monitor vital signs such as heart rate, breathing rate, and blood pressure.
Any substantial changes or abnormalities should be documented and reported.
Encourage Hydration and Cooling Techniques:
Encourage the patient to consume plenty of fluids to stay hydrated.
Provide cool water or ice chips to relieve stress and lower body temperature.
As the doctor directs, use cooling measures such as tepid sponge baths or cooling blankets.
Maintain a cool and comfortable environment with enough ventilation.
Medications should be taken exactly as prescribed:
According to your doctor’s instructions, administer antipyretic medications (such as acetaminophen).
Monitor the patient for any side effects or contraindications to the drugs.
The nurse’s goal in implementing this care plan is to manage the patient’s hyperthermia, maintain hydration, and provide comfort. Regular monitoring of vital signs and temperature aids in detecting changes in the patient’s condition while boosting hydration and cooling measures assist in regulating body temperature. Administering recommended drugs ensures that fevers are well managed.
QUESTION:
What is the cause of pyrexia or the reason for hypothermia? Describe the Pathophysiology of the medical diagnosis, signs and symptoms, and traditional treatment.