Describe the Principles of Patient-Centered Care
Principles of Patient-Centered Care Essay
Throughout my nursing practice there is several situations that come to mind in reference to patient centered care and communication. Communication is the biggest barrier to people due to many obstacles from education level to their ability to be receptive in their moment of crisis (The Eight Principles of Patient-Centered Care · Oneview 2019). Typically in the Emergency Department, situations can escalate quickly, having support and someone to guide you through uncharted territory is super beneficial. Unfortunately, the pressure is usually placed on a loved one who is doing their best to just hold it together in that moment. Nursing advocates always encourage patients and families to fill out advanced directives to assist in a situation such as an emergency.Principles of Patient-Centered Care Essay
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My experience brings me to a 44 y/o female brought into the Emergency Department as an unresponsive related to an overdose. The physician immediately came in and started asking questions to the boyfriend and the mother, while explaining what was going to be done to maintain her airway. The provider spoke so fast and did not attempt to make sure the family was understanding the procedures to come. The family immediately started asking questions in reference to intubation and before we could intubate the patient we had a code gray in the room while trying to maintain her airway. This required even more resources and was very stressful trying to manage both situations in a professional manner. In this scenario, I think this could have been prevented if the provider took a little more time to make sure the family was understanding what he was saying. The provider also should have been using more appropriate language the family could understand versus the medical terminology. In this scenario the outcome for the patient and family was great but it did leave a lasting negative experience for the family in their time of need. Emergency Medicine and nursing is really about meeting the patient where they are in terms of physical health, emotional and mental health.Principles of Patient-Centered Care Essay
In healthcare, person centered care is where the patients actively participate in their treatment in close cooperation with the health care professionals (N. Mead et al., 1970).
This essay aims to describe briefly what is meant by patient-centred care. It will also focus and expand on two key aspects of patient dignity – making choices and confidentiality. Patient-centred care (PCC) is an extensively used model in the current healthcare system (Pelzang 2010:12). PCC is interpreted as looking at the whole person and considering their individual values and needs in relation to their healthcare. By implementing a PCC approach it ensures that the person is at the very centre of any plans that are made and has a dynamic role in the decision making process (Pelzang 2010:12). Service users of NHS Scotland are no longer being looked upon as being inactive receivers of care and are invited to have more involvement Principles of Patient-Centered Care Essay
(NMC Code 2008:3) Patient’s decisions may sometimes be affected by various factors i.e. Their surroundings, they are often vulnerable and out of their normal environment. A conventional health care setting may be in a hospital environment where patients are most likely feel sensitive and insecure. Matiti and Trorey (2008:17) conducted interviews involving 102 patients in 3 different hospitals across the United Kingdom, over a period of 18 months. The purpose of these encounters was to annotate what was being said and also the fundamental meaning of how patients believed that their dignity was being put in jeopardy. One of the key aspects of patient dignity is making choices. Whilst conducting these interviews Matiti and Trorey (2008:17) discovered that despite the fact that patients accepted the loss of a little independence within the hospital surroundings, they wanted the freedom to participate in the decisions about their healthcare. Patients’ understanding in terms of choice, authority or participation in care and autonomy varied extensively. A number of patients were grateful that they were given the option to make decisions and that these were acted upon. Principles of Patient-Centered Care Essay
We know that hospitals can be frightening places to people who don’t spend a lot of time there. So, as a result, healthcare professionals must practice patient-centered care, in which they anticipate the anxiety or fear that patients sometimes experience when receiving care and take responsibility for comforting and reassuring their patients at every step, making sure the patient is at the center of everything they do.
Even though the patient care is constantly evolving, along with technology and information delivery, patient expectations are not. Patients always expect a high-quality experience, so a culture of patient-centered care isn’t a “nice to have,” it’s a “need to have.”
In a patient-centered care model, it is important for patients to always be in complete control when it comes to making decisions about their own care and treatment. Clinicians are there to inform, advise and support, but it is ultimately up to the patient to determine what course of action they will take. Therefore, a patient needs to fully understand the procedures and treatments they will undergo, and clinicians must aim to make them as knowledgeable and comfortable as possible, especially when treating them for a complicated or painful illness or injury.Principles of Patient-Centered Care Essay
The value of evidence-based practice
Evidence-based practice is a widely used problem-solving approach in the clinical setting, but it’s also crucial to delivering patient-centered care. It integrates clinical expertise with the latest and best research evidence, along with known patient values, in order to deliver the best possible patient care.
One of the most important elements of evidence-based practice in nursing is taking into account the needs and wants of the individual patient. We need to understand what’s most important to our patients; what are his/her preferences when it comes to treatment options, and how does he/she define quality of life? All of these things come together to make up the definition of evidence-based healthcare.
The link between evidence-based nursing and value-based purchasing
In the U.S., hospital reimbursement is shifting from a pay-for-service to a pay-for-performance model also known as value-based purchasing (VBP). In a VBP model, healthcare providers are incentivized by either private insurance, self-pay, or federally or state-funded programs such as Veteran’s Affairs, Medicare or Medicaid, based on reaching certain performance measures.Principles of Patient-Centered Care Essay
The measures for value-based reimbursements range from hospital readmissions to patient engagement. So employing the evidence-based practice of taking the patient’s needs and wants into account positively impacts patient engagement, and thus reimbursements.
The goal of a VBP program is to standardize healthcare processes through best practices. And although the U.S. healthcare system is unique from others around the world, the overall goal of healthcare is the same — to provide the highest quality, most cost-effective evidenced-based care that improves patient outcomes.
So, in the end, it’s important to never lose sight of the fact that all patients deserve to be respected and must to be at the center of focus during every healthcare encounter. Patients expect nurses and other healthcare professionals to be knowledgeable, competent and confident, but also kind and understanding too. Nurses are ambassadors for their institutions, the profession and for their patients.Principles of Patient-Centered Care Essay
You might hear person-centred care described as ‘patient-centred care’, ‘client-centred care’, ‘resident-centred care’ or ‘woman-centred care’. Each of these options has a very specific context.
We speak about patients as people who are accessing the health system for care and treatment in, for example, a hospital or GP surgery. The countries of the UK are moving towards integration of health and social care services. When we speak of the health system in the resource, it also applies to integrated health and social care systems in the UK
We often refer to people who access mental health services as clients, and we might also use this word for those accessing health or care services but who may not be ill – a young mother speaking to a health visitor about looking after her baby, perhaps. ‘Resident-centred’ is very specific to people who live, either temporarily or permanently, in care homes and other long-stay residences. And ‘woman-centred’ is how midwifery staff care for pregnant women.Principles of Patient-Centered Care Essay
So when we speak of person-centred care, we try to bring in all those options into a single definition. But what does it mean?
Put simply, being person-centred is about focusing care on the needs of the person rather than the needs of the service. Most people who need health care these days aren’t happy just to sit back and let health care staff do what they think is best. They have their own views on what’s best for them and their own priorities in life. So as health care workers, we have to be flexible to meet their needs – we have to make our system suit them, rather than the other way round.
It means that the person is an equal partner in the planning of care and that his or her opinions are important and are respected. That doesn’t mean that ‘what the person says, goes’, but it does mean that we have to take into consideration and act on what people want when we plan and deliver their care.
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We can’t always assume, however, that a person will tell us what he or she thinks or wants. There are many reasons why people may feel awkward about this, or they may live with a mental health condition, dementia or physical or learning disability that makes communication challenging. So we may have to ask them what they want, using appropriate communication methods to actively encourage them to participate in their own care and be real partners in the decisions that are made. To support them with this, we need to make sure they get information in a format that is acceptable to them to help them make decisions about their care and treatment and to agree – or disagree – with the treatment plan that is developing. We should always be prepared to negotiate with patients/clients to agree a plan that’s acceptable to them and the health care team.Principles of Patient-Centered Care Essay
Being person-centred means that when we plan care with the person, we think about the effect of what we’re doing on the person as a whole. Think, for example, of a young female health care assistant planning to bathe an older man. The ‘mechanics’ of the procedure are very straightforward – ensure the water temperature and depth are appropriate, ensure the bath hoist is working and is used properly, make sure the person’s dignity is protected, end up with the person being clean and refreshed. The health care assistant is perfectly competent to ensure all these issues are addressed.Principles of Patient-Centered Care Essay
But what might the older man feel about being bathed by a young woman who might be no older than his own daughter, or even granddaughter? Will it make him feel helpless, humiliated and useless? And does he want a bath in the first place? When we begin to think of the care we give in this way – of the effect of what we’re doing on the whole person – we’re giving care in a person-centred way. And that might mean compromise – the health care assistant might, for instance, negotiate with the man and agree that for today, a wash from a basin at the bedside or the bathroom will be sufficient.Principles of Patient-Centered Care Essay
Being person-centred means that we always have the person’s safety, comfort and well-being uppermost in our mind. There is much we can do to promote people’s safety, and we look at this in some detail in promoting patient safety. Ensuring people are comfortable calls for us to be aware of the things that can cause discomfort – feeling cold or hot, having a thirst or being hungry, being in pain or having an itch, needing to go to the toilet or change a sitting position, for instance – and taking steps to relieve them. Having people’s well-being uppermost means that nothing we do – or don’t do – causes the person any physical, emotional or social harm.
And being person-centred means being aware of a person’s emotional and spiritual well-being. Spiritual care is not just about religious beliefs and practices: it also reflects a person’s values, relationships and need for self-expression. See: Spirituality in nursing care.Principles of Patient-Centered Care Essay
Ethical approaches
Many of the colleagues you will work with, including nurses, doctors and social workers, are bound by ethical codes of conduct. These set out standards of performance to ensure that their practice is fair, non-judgemental, respectful and non-prejudicial. They make individual professionals aware of their own responsibility to follow the steps of their code at all times in promoting the health, welfare and interests of the people they care for. The codes also define individuals’ accountability for the things they do as professionals: understanding the idea of accountability is a very important part of practice and is something we’ll return to in quality in care.
In each of the UK countries there are codes of conduct, which may be nationally or locally driven.Principles of Patient-Centered Care Essay
England. Code of Conduct for healthcare support workers and adult social care workers
Scotland. Code of Conduct for healthcare support workers
Wales. Code of Conduct for healthcare support workers in Wales
Currently, the only health care assistants regulated in Northern Ireland are those working in social care. They are regulated by the Northern Ireland Social Care Council. See: Standards of Conduct and Practice.
These codes have been developed following consultations with many interested groups, including patients and the public. They set out to support you to provide care that is:
safe and effective (meaning it brings positive benefits to the patient/client)
compassionate and respectful
always focused on doing what is best for patients/clients.
The codes help us to see patients/clients as individuals and to do everything in our power to preserve their dignity and independence. They also empower us to report appropriately when we see care that does not live up to these standards – again, we’ll return to this vital topic in raising concerns.
Much of this programme focuses on the ethical issues that underpin our codes of conduct and define our practice on a day-by-day basis – things like safeguarding vulnerable people, confidentiality and consent, raising concerns, reporting incidents and accidents, anti-discriminatory practice and preserving people’s dignity. So ethical approaches in general, and the codes of practice in particular, are threaded throughout the resource, providing a basis not just for what we learn from it, but also for how we must practice as health care assistants.Principles of Patient-Centered Care Essay
If you are not already familiar with the code of conduct for your country or workplace, you should take some time now to access and study it. You’ll also benefit from looking at codes from other countries or organisations – you’ll find that all codes share common ethical ground and a desire to ensure that everything we do brings positive benefits to patients/clients.Principles of Patient-Centered Care Essay
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